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Computer Animation Before Personal Computers

Black Origami

Rhythm Folded Like Paper

Jlin described the idea behind Black Origami by comparing composition to folding paper into increasingly complex shapes. In her version, sound replaces paper.

That metaphor becomes especially convincing when listening to the rhythms.

Patterns appear to fold into one another. Accents move away from the places where a conventional club groove might put them. Percussion can feel simultaneously organised and unstable.

Movement was not an accidental association. Jlin has explained that her collaboration with Indian dancer Avril Stormy Unger influenced the album directly, including the track “Carbon 7.”

This interests me because rhythm is often visualised horizontally.

A DAW gives us a timeline.

Beats move from left to right.

Jlin’s music makes me imagine rhythm differently, almost as an object being bent and refolded.

A sound that seemed to belong to one pattern suddenly becomes part of another.

That is a useful way to think about complex sequencing.

Instead of asking only where the next drum hit should go, ask what happens if the whole rhythmic shape is folded somewhere unexpected.

Complexity then does not have to mean adding more notes.

It can mean changing the geometry between the notes already there.

Black Origami

#Jlin #BlackOrigami #ElectronicRhythm #Percussion

Rhythm Folded Like Paper Rhythm Folded Like Paper planet.mu planet mu · Black Origami Mu are very excited to announce Jlin's long awaited second album “Black Origami”. A percussion-led tour de force, it's a creation that seals her reputation as a unique producer with an exceptional ability to make riveting rhythmic music.
Contemporary Jazz

Ten Pieces, One Continuous Pulse

Nala Sinephro’s Endlessness consists of ten pieces, yet a continuous arpeggio runs through the entire forty-five-minute album. Around it, modular synthesizer, pedal harp, saxophones, drums and a twenty-one-piece string ensemble continually change the surrounding space.

That continuous figure interests me because repetition here does not make the album static.

It gives everything else something to move against.

A repeated arpeggio can operate like a grid, but Sinephro does not use it to make the music feel mechanically organised. At times it is obvious. Elsewhere it seems to sink beneath strings or improvisation until you notice that the pulse has never actually disappeared.

This changes the way time works across the album.

Instead of ten tracks starting and stopping, Endlessness feels like one environment whose weather keeps changing.

Electronic music often builds continuity through loops. Jazz often values responsiveness and change. Sinephro allows those two principles to occupy the same piece.

The loop does not prevent improvisation.

It gives improvisation a horizon.

I like that as a compositional idea because it suggests that repetition does not necessarily mean saying the same thing again.

Sometimes repetition is simply the fixed point that lets everything around it reveal how much it has changed.

https://nalasinephro.com/release/465342-nala-sinephro-endlessness

#NalaSinephro #Endlessness #ModularSynth #ContemporaryJazz

Ten Pieces, One Continuous Pulse Ten Pieces, One Continuous Pulse nalasinephro.com Nala Sinephro’s Endlessness consists of ten pieces, yet a continuous arpeggio runs through the entire forty-five-minute album. Around it, modular...
Berlin School

The Moog That Would Not Stay in Tune

Tangerine Dream’s Phaedra is remembered as one of the records that established the sequencer-driven language later associated with the Berlin School. One of its defining sounds, however, emerged partly because the technology refused to behave.

The group recorded Phaedra at The Manor in England in November 1973, using a recently acquired Moog modular synthesizer. According to Tangerine Dream’s own account, the recording sessions were technically difficult and the musicians were still learning how to use the machine. During the title track, the Moog’s oscillators drifted in pitch as the synthesizer warmed up. Instead of discarding the unstable sequence, they kept it.

That detail changes how I hear the piece.

The sequence seems to move with a strange organic instability. It does not behave like a perfectly repeating digital pattern because it literally cannot remain perfectly stable.

Modern synthesizers solve this problem for us. Oscillators stay in tune. Sessions reopen exactly where we left them. Automation can reproduce every movement.

That reliability is enormously useful, but Phaedra reminds me that technical failure can occasionally produce musical character more interesting than technical perfection.

The synthesizer was supposed to repeat a pattern.

Instead, temperature became a modulation source.

https://www.tangerinedreammusic.com/en/music/detail.asp?id=12&tit=Phaedra

#TangerineDream #Phaedra #Moog #BerlinSchool

The Moog That Would Not Stay in Tune The Moog That Would Not Stay in Tune tangerinedreammusic.com Phaedra This is the first Tangerine Dream album to feature their now classic sequencer-driven sound, which later became known as their trademark and of the ...
Abstraction

Colour Returning From the Shadows

Germaine Rimbout is currently the subject of Poetry. Color. Movement at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, running until 18 October 2026.

The exhibition describes her as a figure who remained in the shadows for a long time.

Born in 1894, Rimbout worked through influences from Cubism and Fauvism before moving after the Second World War toward freer abstraction and increasingly adventurous colour.

The rediscovery itself interests me because museum history can give us a distorted impression of how artistic importance works.

We walk through permanent collections and easily assume that the artists on the walls were always the obvious ones.

They were not.

Collections are edited histories.

Visibility can depend on gender, geography, institutions, collectors and which works happened to survive inside accessible archives.

Rimbout’s drawings and paintings did not suddenly acquire colour in 2026.

What changed was attention.

There is something useful in that for anyone making art.

Recognition and artistic development operate on completely different clocks.

A work can be finished while its audience is still decades away.

The current Brussels presentation is therefore not simply retrospective.

It is another reminder that art history remains unfinished because someone can always reopen the storage room and discover that the story was missing a chapter.

https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/germaine-rimbout-poetry-color-movement

#GermaineRimbout #BelgianArt #Abstraction #RediscoveredArtists

Colour Returning From the Shadows Colour Returning From the Shadows fine-arts-museum.be Germaine Rimbout is currently the subject of Poetry. Color. Movement at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, running until 18...
Belgian Art

Sculpture That Refuses to Stay Rigid

Tapta began in textile art, but gradually pushed weaving away from the wall.

Ropes were twisted, knotted and extended into space. Viewers could move around them and, in some installations, enter the structures themselves. During the 1980s she made an even stranger material shift, replacing woven fibres with neoprene, the synthetic rubber more commonly associated with industrial and protective applications.

Yet the underlying idea remained remarkably consistent.

Tapta called attention to flexible sculpture.

That phrase seems almost contradictory because sculpture has historically been associated with solidity: stone, bronze, wood, objects expected to maintain their shape.

Tapta chose materials that bend.

A neoprene form can sag, curve, lean or respond visually to gravity without pretending to be permanent in the way marble does.

I like that because it changes the relationship between material and authority.

Rigid sculpture often seems to declare exactly what shape it is.

Flexible material leaves open the possibility that another configuration exists.

Tapta spent much of her career teaching in Brussels, yet her international recognition remained more limited than that of many artists exploring related questions of space and material.

Recent exhibitions have started correcting that imbalance.

The work did not become more relevant.

The history around it finally became more flexible.

https://www.luca-arts.be/nl/tapta-flexible-forms

#Tapta #BelgianArt #Sculpture #Neoprene

Sculpture That Refuses to Stay Rigid Sculpture That Refuses to Stay Rigid LUCA Tapta: Flexible Forms | LUCA Tapta: Flexible Forms is the first large-scale retrospective dedicated to the Polish-Belgian artist Tapta (1926–1997) outside of Belgium, the country to which she fled in 1945 and where she developed her artistic career from the 1960s onwards.
Bell Labs

Computer Animation Before Personal Computers

Lillian Schwartz began working at Bell Laboratories in 1969, decades before computer graphics became ordinary creative tools.

Her 1970 film Pixillation combines computer-generated black-and-white imagery with microscopic structures, oil, water and optical printing. Colour filters add another layer, while Gershon Kingsley’s Moog-generated electronic soundtrack connects the film to the expanding world of electronic music.

What interests me is how hybrid the process already was.

It would be easy to imagine early computer art as a purely digital historical curiosity: primitive graphics generated by enormous machines.

Schwartz did something less predictable.

Computer output became one material among several.

It could be combined with photography, physical liquids, optical techniques and colour added elsewhere in the process.

That feels surprisingly contemporary.

Digital artists still move constantly between systems. Render something in software. Film a physical object. Feed one process into another. Distort it again.

The tools change.

The useful attitude does not.

Schwartz understood that a computer did not have to replace older visual techniques in order to transform them.

It could enter the chain and contaminate everything around it.

The most interesting computer art may begin when the computer stops being the subject.

https://archive.transmediale.de/content/pixillation

#LillianSchwartz #ComputerArt #ExperimentalFilm #BellLabs

Computer Animation Before Personal Computers Computer Animation Before Personal Computers archive.transmediale.de Pixillation | transmediale Lillian Schwartz began working at Bell Laboratories in 1969, decades before computer graphics became ordinary creative tools. Her 1970 film...
Contemporary Classical

A Forgotten Composer Keeps Returning

Julius Eastman died in 1990 after years of increasing instability, homelessness and professional isolation. Much of his music might easily have disappeared with him.

Instead, it keeps returning.

In June 2026, the ensemble Wild Up released the fifth volume of its continuing Eastman project, centred on Gay Guerrilla, the 1979 composition whose title deliberately connects sexuality with resistance.

The piece can be performed by any number of similar instruments and is commonly associated with multiple pianos, although new arrangements continue to expand its possibilities. Eastman builds enormous intensity from repeated musical cells that gradually accumulate, shift and collide.

What interests me is that repetition here does not produce neutrality.

Minimalist techniques are sometimes described as if they remove personality from composition.

Eastman does the opposite.

The repetition becomes political because the music keeps insisting on itself.

The current Wild Up project is important for another reason. Rediscovery is not simply finding an old recording and putting it back into circulation.

A score has to be played.

Decisions have to be made again.

Musicians have to decide what this unfinished or partially transmitted information means now.

The archive provides evidence.

Performance gives the work another life.

Eastman’s growing presence today demonstrates how dramatically the canon can change when performers decide that forgetting was a mistake.

Wild Up Julius Eastman Anthology

#JuliusEastman #GayGuerrilla #ContemporaryClassical #MusicRediscovery

A Forgotten Composer Keeps Returning A Forgotten Composer Keeps Returning eastman.wildup.org Eastman Anthology – Wild Up – Composer Julius Eastman Julius Eastman died in 1990 after years of increasing instability, homelessness and professional isolation. Much of his music might easily have...
Experimental Electronic

Breaking an Instrument Until a Song Appears

Klara Lewis’s Opening is due for release on 4 September 2026, making it one of the explicitly contemporary subjects in this Art Notes series.

What interests me is not simply that it is a new electronic record.

Descriptions of the album repeatedly return to the way Lewis treats recognisable acoustic sources. Ukulele, piano and field recordings are processed, cut and reconstructed until their identity becomes unstable, yet the results often remain unexpectedly close to song form.

That is a difficult balance.

Experimental processing can easily become an end in itself. Destroy the original sound sufficiently and the technique becomes the subject.

Lewis seems more interested in what can survive destruction.

A piano does not have to remain recognisably a piano.

A field recording does not have to continue documenting its location.

But a trace can remain.

The source becomes something like a memory of itself.

That is increasingly interesting in contemporary electronic production because software now makes extreme transformation effortless. Granular processing, spectral manipulation and time-stretching can erase the origin of almost anything.

The harder decision is knowing when to stop.

Sometimes sound design becomes stronger when enough of the original object survives that we can still feel what has been lost.

https://www.deejay.de/Klara_Lewis_Opening_EMEGO325V_Vinyl__1132778

#KlaraLewis #Opening #ExperimentalElectronic #SoundProcessing

Breaking an Instrument Until a Song Appears Breaking an Instrument Until a Song Appears deejay.de Klara Lewis’s Opening is due for release on 4 September 2026, making it one of the explicitly contemporary subjects in this Art Notes series...
Acoustics

The Room Became the Loudspeaker

Maryanne Amacher did not simply compose sounds for rooms.

She wanted the rooms themselves to behave acoustically.

In her Music for Sound-Joined Rooms installations, she worked with sound transmitted through architectural structures, using walls, floors, corridors and connected spaces to shape what listeners heard and physically felt.

Her own description is wonderful: rooms, walls and corridors that sing.

That idea changes the normal relationship between music and architecture.

Usually we build a composition somewhere else, bring loudspeakers into a room and then try to minimise whatever the architecture does to the mix.

Amacher did almost the reverse.

The building became part of the signal chain.

Earlier, beginning with City-Links in 1967, she had already experimented with microphones transmitting remote environments over telephone lines, effectively connecting distant places into one listening system.

Decades before networked performances became easy, she was treating telecommunications infrastructure as musical material.

What stays with me is the scale of her thinking.

The instrument could be a room.

Or several rooms.

Or a city connected to another city.

Electronic music is often imagined as something generated inside machines.

Amacher kept asking what would happen if the machine was only one component inside a much larger acoustic system that included architecture, distance and the listener’s own ears.

https://www.foundationforcontemporaryarts.org/recipients/maryanne-amacher/

#MaryanneAmacher #SoundArt #Acoustics #ExperimentalMusic

The Room Became the Loudspeaker The Room Became the Loudspeaker foundationforcontemporaryarts.org Maryanne Amacher | FCA Grant Recipient Maryanne Amacher did not simply compose sounds for rooms. She wanted the rooms themselves to behave acoustically. In her Music for Sound-Joined...
Annette Peacock

Putting the Voice Through a Moog

Around 1970, Annette Peacock was doing something with synthesizers that still feels surprisingly modern: using a Moog modular system to process her voice in real time.

The Bob Moog Foundation documents how Peacock and pianist Paul Bley toured Europe with an ARP synthesizer and Moog modules, with Peacock using the Moog specifically for vocal modification.

That is quite different from simply singing alongside a synthesizer.

Her voice itself entered the electronic system.

By the time I’m the One appeared in 1972, Peacock had developed a music in which jazz, electronics, rock, improvisation and manipulated vocals refused to settle into a comfortable category.

What interests me is how early this was.

Today a vocalist can open a laptop and choose from pitch correction, spectral processors, vocoders, formant shifting, granular effects and hundreds of plug-ins designed specifically for the voice.

Peacock was experimenting when electronic processing still meant understanding patch cables, oscillators and signal paths well enough to make the equipment cooperate.

The voice is usually treated as the most human element in a recording.

Peacock seems to have realised very early that this made it the perfect thing to make strange.

Electronic music history remembers many synthesizer players.

It should remember more clearly the people who asked what would happen if the synthesizer started playing the singer.

https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000043831

#AnnettePeacock #Moog #VoiceProcessing #ExperimentalMusic

Putting the Voice Through a Moog Putting the Voice Through a Moog universalmusic.fr Annette Peacock - Universal Music France Tout sur Annette Peacock : news, biographie, discographie, photos, clips, vidéos, paroles, boutique...
Crime Nine Inch Nails

Recording Inside the Scene of a Crime

Nine Inch Nails recorded much of The Downward Spiral at 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles, the house where Sharon Tate and four others had been murdered by members of the Manson Family in 1969. Trent Reznor installed a studio there and called it Le Pig.

It is the kind of fact that can overwhelm discussion of the actual recording, so the more interesting detail for me is what happened inside that temporary studio.

The album moves constantly between programmed electronics, guitars, sampled material, processed drums and sounds that are difficult to identify at all. Adrian Belew is credited with “texture generating guitars” on “Mr. Self Destruct” and ring-modulated guitar on “The Becoming.” Flood contributed programming and production, while Alan Moulder handled much of the mixing.

The boundaries between instrument and treatment become deliberately unclear.

A guitar does not necessarily need to sound like a guitar.

A drum can become an impact.

Noise can become rhythm.

This is where industrial music becomes more than distorted rock. The studio is not reproducing a band standing in a room. It is constructing a psychological space from pieces that may have been performed, sampled, processed or destroyed.

The building eventually disappeared from the album’s identity.

The sound did not.

https://www.nin.com/music/the-downward-spiral/

#NineInchNails #TheDownwardSpiral #IndustrialMusic #StudioProduction

Recording Inside the Scene of a Crime Recording Inside the Scene of a Crime nin.com Nine Inch Nails recorded much of The Downward Spiral at 10050 Cielo Drive in Los Angeles, the house where Sharon Tate and four others had been...